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Kaga
(Japanese:
加賀,
formerly Kaga Province, in present-day Ishikawa Prefecture) was an
aircraft carrier of the Imperial Japanese Navy, originally intended
as a Tosa class fast battleship. She took part in the Pearl Harbor
raid and was sunk at the Battle of Midway on 4 June 1942.
Kaga
began as a Tosa class battleship, and was launched on 17 November
1921 at the Kawasaki Heavy Industries shipyard in Kobe. On 5
February 1922 both Tosa class ships were cancelled and designated
for scrapping under the terms of the Washington Naval Treaty.
The
Treaty authorized conversion of two battleship or battlecruiser
hulls into aircraft carriers of up to 33,000 tons standard
displacement. The incomplete battlecruisers Amagi and Akagi were
initially selected, but the Great Kantō Earthquake of 1923 damaged Amagi's hull beyond economic repair. Kaga was therefore selected for
completion as an aircraft carrier.
Kaga's conversion began in 1923 and
lasted until 1928. As completed, the ship had two main hangar decks
and a third auxiliary hangar with a total capacity of 60 aircraft.
The hangars opened onto two superimposed flying off decks at the
bow. In theory, this permitted aircraft to take off directly from
the hangars, while landing on the main flight deck above. Funnel
gasses were collected in a pair of long horizontal ducts which
discharged at each side of the flight deck ramp. Kaga was armed with
ten 200 mm (7.9 in) guns in a combination of twin turrets and
casemates. Belt and deck armor were considerably reduced. No
catapults were fitted.
Upon
completion, Kaga underwent trials for another two years before
becoming operational. In service, the multiple flight deck
arrangement proved unsuccessful. In 1934, Kaga therefore commenced a
second major reconstruction. The flight deck and hangars were
extended to the bow, increasing flight deck length to 812.5 ft and
raising aircraft capacity to 90. A third elevator serviced the
extended hangars. New boilers and turbines increased power from
91,000 to 127,400 shp. The hull was lengthened by 34 ft at the stern
and the lengthy funnel ducting was replaced by a single downturned
starboard funnel. A small starboard island superstructure was also
installed. Standard displacement increased by almost 9,000 tons,
from 29,600 to 38,200 tons.
Kaga
returned to service in 1935. During the late 1930s Kaga supported
operations in China, and was involved in the Shanghai Incident and
during the early years of the Second Sino-Japanese War.
At the
beginning of World War II, Kaga was commanded by Captain Okada Jisaku. Together with Akagi she formed Carrier Division 1 of the
Striking Force for the attack on Pearl Harbor. On 7 December 1941
she launched two strikes against Oahu. In her first strike, 26
Nakajima B5N "Kate" torpedo bombers targeted Arizona, Vestal,
Tennessee, West Virginia, Oklahoma, and Nevada, and 9 Mitsubishi A6M
"Zero" fighters attacked the airbase at Hickam Field. In her second
strike, 23 Aichi D3A "Val" dive bombers targeted Nevada, Maryland,
and West Virginia.
In
January 1942, together with Akagi, Kaga supported the invasion of Rabaul in the Bismarck Islands. On 9 February she hit a reef at
Palau and took on water. After temporary repairs, she continued to
the Timor Sea, where on 19 February 1942 she launched air strikes
against Darwin, Australia, sinking nine ships, including USS Peary.
In March 1942, Kaga covered the invasion of Java.
Kaga
was unable to participate in the Indian Ocean raid in April because
of the damage she had received in February. Instead, she returned to
Sasebo for repairs.
In May
1942, Kaga sailed on her final mission. Her aircraft complement was
30 "Zeros," 23 "Vals," and 30 "Kates." On 4 June 1942 Kaga launched
air strikes against Midway, and then came under attack from American
land- and carrier-based planes. At 10:22, SBD Dauntless dive-bombers
from USS Enterprise hit her with at least four 1000 lb (453.6 kg)
bombs, which set off explosions and fires among the armed and fueled
planes on her hangar deck. Captain Okada was killed by a bomb that
hit the bridge. The fires proved impossible to control and the order
to abandon ship was given at about 14:00.
At
14:10 the submarine USS Nautilus hit Kaga with a torpedo, but it was
a dud and did not explode. Kaga's crew were taken off by the
destroyers Hagikaze and Maikaze, and at 19:25 she was scuttled by
two torpedoes and sank at position 30-23.3'N,
179-17.2' W.
In
1999, the Nauticos company discovered wreckage that has been
identified as coming from Kaga.
By
Wikipedia.com
Technical specification:
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Laid down at Kawasaki Kobe Naval yard 19 July. 1920
- Launched
17. Nov. 1921
- Completed
31. Mar. 1928
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Reconstruction and rearmament: 1935, and approx 1942
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Sunk 4 June. 1942 with the loss of 814 of her crew (Hit by 4
bombs in 5 min. by US. aircraft from USS Enterprise)
-
displacement: 43,650 tons tons full load
-
length: 247,70 m
-
beam: 32,52 m
-
draught: 9,50 m
-
ship horse power: 127,400 Shp.
-
speed : 28,5 knots
- crew:
2016
Armament:
- Main guns 10 (10x1) 8' = 20.3 cm
- 28 25mm AA guns (14x2)
- DP guns 16 (8x2) 5' = 12.7 cm
- Up to 90 Aircraft could be
carried
References:
Books
form my own library :
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Japanese Naval
Warship Photo Album Aircraft carriers
from
Diamond Sha books.
(Japan)
Reference: Pictures |
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Model Art no. 20
waterline special
(Japan)
Reference: drawings and
background (show her 1942 configuration of 6 front support legs
under the flight deck) |
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Ships of the world
no. 500 (Japan)
Reference: picture |
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Samourai
sur porte-Avions
LELA Presse
(France)
Reference: Drawings, pictures,
background and aircraft markings |
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IJN Carrier Zuikaku 1/100 Super
Scale Model
Reference: Model (IJN. Super
details)
drawings (Masts and deck details)
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Gakken n°14
(Japan)
Reference: Drawings, pictures,
background (In general) |
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Perfect Guide, the aircraft
carriers of the Imperial Japanese Navy & Army
(Japan)
Reference: History,
background, pictures, models (this is best reference book of the
above to gather information of this model) |
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Websites:
Nihon kaigun and J-aircraft.com.
and Mr. Omani fantastic model of Kaga
as seen in 1941:
http://www.h3.dion.ne.jp/~mokei/e-home.htm
Also a great thanks to Mr. Buton of
Japan, who provided me with additional information.
The building time was 11 weeks.
Aeronautic March 22 2009.
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